Aims

To support the free and open dissemination of research findings and information on alcoholism and alcohol-related problems. To encourage open access to peer-reviewed articles free for all to view.

For full versions of posted research articles readers are encouraged to email requests for "electronic reprints" (text file, PDF files, FAX copies) to the corresponding or lead author, who is highlighted in the posting.

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Wednesday, July 11, 2007

Drug Challenges Reveal Differences in Mediation of Stress Facilitation of Voluntary Alcohol Drinking and Withdrawal-Induced Anxiety in Alcohol-Preferring P Rats
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (OnlineEarly Articles). 11 July 2007

There is controversy over whether exposure to stress precipitates relapse and/or increases alcohol (ethanol) intake.

Our laboratory has demonstrated that repeated stress prior to withdrawal from a brief forced exposure to alcohol results in withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior. Because anxiety is often regarded as a precipitating factor in relapsing alcoholics, we decided to examine the consequences of stressing alcohol-preferring P rats on both voluntary alcohol drinking and withdrawal-induced anxiety.

Stressed, deprived P rats exhibited both a longer duration of elevated alcohol drinking and anxiety-like behavior in the social interaction test upon withdrawal after the third cycle of voluntary alcohol drinking.

When given prior to each of the restraint stresses, the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), the corticotrophin releasing factor receptor antagonists CRA1000 (3 mg/kg) and CP154,526 (10 mg/kg), the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist buspirone (0.6 mg/kg), and the mixed 5-HT2C/D2 receptor antagonist olanzapine were effective in reducing the increased duration of elevated alcohol drinking and the withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior.

In contrast, while the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (20 mg/kg), the 5-HT2C receptor antagonist SB242084 (3 mg/kg), and the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) also reduced drinking, they did not significantly alter anxiety like behavior.

These results suggest that stress-induced facilitation of alcohol drinking and withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior in P rats may be closely but imperfectly linked.

Read Full Abstract

Reprint Request E-Mail: dhover@med.unc.edu

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Alcohol advertisers agree on controls


By a Correspondent

Advertising of all alcohol brands on television will now run after 8.30pm, while radio advertising will run after 1pm.

The use of cartoons or fairy tale characters in advertisements or sponsorship of children’s events has also been banned with immediate effect.

These measures, which are expected to reduce the exposure of children to alcohol advertising, have been taken jointly by the Government and members of the National Alcohol Beverages Association of Kenya (Nabak).

The guidelines are line with global best practice and are expected to promote self-regulation in the way alcoholic brands are marketed in order to promote responsible consumption of alcohol in Kenya.
. . . . . .

Read Full Article

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Alcohol Inhibits NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors in the Ventral Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication 11 July 2007;







Components of the mesolimbic dopamine system, in particular dopaminergic cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), have been implicated in the acute reinforcing actions of ethanol. The ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (vBNST) potently regulates dopaminergic cell firing in the VTA, and has been implicated in the behavioral actions of ethanol.

The N-methyl-D-asparate receptor (NMDAR) is a major molecular target of ethanol, however, current evidence suggests that ethanol regulation of NMDAR function is widely variable and likely depends on a number of factors.

Thus, it is critical to investigate ethanol regulation of NMDAR function at synapses relevant to ethanol-regulated behaviors, such as in the vBNST.

Here we show, using multiple techniques, that ethanol inhibits NMDAR function in vBNST neurons in a postsynaptic fashion. Further, we demonstrate the functional presence of both NR2A and NR2B-containing NMDARs in the vBNST. While genetic removal of NR2A did not alter the magnitude of ethanol inhibition, pharmacological blockade of NR2B rendered synaptically activated NMDARs insensitive to ethanol inhibition.

Finally, we demonstrate that ethanol inhibits NMDARs in cells in the vBNST that project to the VTA, providing a direct means by which ethanol in the vBNST can modulate the dopaminergic system.


Read Full Abstract


Reprint Request E-Mail: danny.winder@vanderbilt.edu
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Case-Control Association Testing with Related Individuals: A More Powerful Quasi-Likelihood Score Test
The American Journal of Human Genetics, volume 81 (2007), published on-line 10 July 2007




We consider the problem of genomewide association testing of a binary trait when some sampled individuals are related, with known relationships.

This commonly arises when families sampled for a linkage study are included in an association study. Furthermore, power to detect association with complex traits can be increased when affected individuals with affected relatives are sampled, because they are more likely to carry disease alleles than are randomly sampled affected individuals. With related individuals, correlations among relatives must be taken into account, to ensure validity of the test, and consideration of these correlations can also improve power.

We provide new insight into the use of pedigree-based weights to improve power, and we propose a novel test, the MQLS test, which, as we demonstrate, represents an overall, and in many cases, substantial, improvement in power over previous tests, while retaining a computational simplicity that makes it useful in genomewide association studies in arbitrary pedigrees.

Other features of the MQLS are as follows: (1) it is applicable to completely general combinations of family and case-control designs, (2) it can incorporate both unaffected controls and controls of unknown phenotype into the same analysis, and (3) it can incorporate phenotype data about relatives with missing genotype data.

The methods are applied to data from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism, where the MQLS detects genomewide significant association (after Bonferroni correction) with an alcoholism-related phenotype for four different single-nucleotide polymorphisms: tsc1177811, tsc1750530 , tsc0046696 , and tsc0057290 on chromosomes 1, 16, 18, and 18, respectively.

Three of these four significant associations were not detected in previous studies analyzing these data.

Read Full Abstract

Reprint Request E-Mail: thornton@galton.uchicago.edu

Tuesday, July 10, 2007

Breakthrough Britain
Ending the costs of social breakdown

Volume 4: Addictions



Chair and report author: Kathy Gyngell

Policy recommendations
to the Conservative Party
Social Justice Policy Group

Chairman, Rt Hon Iain Duncan Smith MP

July 2007

The urgent need for appropriate and effective treatment of addiction and for its prevention is set out in this policy review through the voices of those most affected as well as through formal analysis of policy research and outcomes data. For the first time experiences and views of recovering addicts, their families and those working with them – their counsellors, substance misuse workers, addiction psychiatrists, drug action team managers, voluntary sector providers and academics have been listened to and reported.
. . . . .

Read Full Volume 4 (PDF)

Source: Robin G W Room
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Special issue on alcohol and drugs in the history of Latin America

The Social History of Alcohol and Drugs: An Interdisciplinary Journal, is planning a special issue on alcohol and drugs in the history of Latin America. We encourage paper submissions in any aspect of this broad theme. Deadline for submissions will be July 31, 2007.

Dan Malleck, PhD
Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
Editor-in-chief, Social History of Alcohol and Drugs: An Interdisciplinary Journal
dan.malleck@BROCKU.CA
http://historyofalcoholanddrugs.typepad.com

Source: Alcohol and Drugs History Society

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An Integrated Model of Recovery-Oriented Behavioral Health Care


Over the last two years, the City of Philadelphia has been taking increasing advantage of unprecedented opportunities for reforming behavioral health policy and practice to improve the lives of its citizens facing the challenges of addictions and serious mental illnesses, their loved ones, and their communities. These opportunities have been created by the joining of several distinct, yet related, streams that have been winding separately toward a common destination over several years to decades.

Within mental health the notion and expectation of "recovery" has been around at least since the community support movement of the 1970's, if not before. This vision has come fully of age with the 1999 Report on Mental Health of the U.S. Surgeon General and the 2003 President's New Freedom Commission Report on Achieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health Care in America; both of which identify the need to transform mental health services to reorient them toward promoting recovery.

At the same time, a new recovery advocacy movement has been taking shape in the addiction field. This movement has the two-fold aim of removing barriers to recovery and improved quality of life for people suffering from alcohol and other drug problems. As in mental health, this movement has been led by people in recovery who envision far-reaching changes in the ways services are developed and delivered. The goal is to shift from a professionally driven model focused primarily on stabilization to a disease- and recovery-management model in which professional treatment is one aspect among many that supports people in managing their own conditions over time and in building their own resources for recovery.
. . . . .

Read Full Introduction

Source: Addiction and Recovery News
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E-UPDATE


7/9/2007
In the News

SUCCESS STORY

Alcohol Fund

New Hampshire’s legislators cast their vote, resulting in a historic victory for the Alcohol Fund. Dozens of Leadership Partners shared their personal stories with their legislators, and their legislators listened by funding the Alcohol Fund. Without the committed and energetic participation from Leadership Partners at all stages of the budget process, the Alcohol Fund would not have seen these additional dollars. On June 27, 2007, the House and Senate passed the Budget which more than doubles the biennial funding for the Alcohol Fund from $4.6 million in 2006/2007 to $9.7 million in 2008/2009 and fully funds the Alcohol Fund in 2009. To learn more about the Community Leadership Initiative and how you can become a Leadership Partner, email Linda King at lking@new-futures.org.

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NEW FUTURES NEWS

a. US Surgeon General to attend the 9th Annual Leadership Recognition and Awards Celebration

This year’s Leadership Recognition and Awards Celebration will be held on Tuesday, October 9 at the Manchester Country Club in Bedford. The Tom Fox Award for Excellence, the Tom Fox Scholarship for Prevention, and the Tom Fox Scholarship for Treatment will be given during the luncheon, followed by a celebration of the good work being done in communities across our state. Rear Admiral Kenneth Moritsugu, Acting Surgeon General of the United States—who will be in NH to release the Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking—is on the agenda and looks forward to meeting New Hampshire’s leaders working on alcohol and other drug problems. Mark the date on your calendar; more details will be forthcoming.

b. Seeking Tom Fox Scholarship Nominees

Please help nominate someone for one of two Tom Fox Scholarships. The Tom Fox scholarships recognize two individuals for exemplary contributions to the delivery of alcohol and other drug services in New Hampshire -- one in prevention and one in treatment. The deadline for submissions is Friday, August 17. Visit the New Futures website, call New Futures at 658-2770 or email new-futures@new-futures.org for award criteria and information on submitting nominations.

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LEGISLATIVE UPDATE

a. Update on the State Budget

The 2008/2009 State Budget passed by the House and Senate on June 27, 2007 more than doubles the biennial funding for the Alcohol Fund from $4.6 million (2006/2007) to $9.7 million (for the 2008/2009 biennium that began on July 1, 2007) and restores full funding for the Alcohol Fund in 2009. It is expected that Governor Lynch will sign the Budget. Many thanks to the legislators who voted to support the Budget, New Futures Leadership Partners and many others for their advocacy in support of the Alcohol Fund. There is no doubt that this advocacy throughout the entire budget process was critically important to this historic outcome.

b. Update on Policy Bills

In addition to the Budget, New Futures followed more than thirty bills that had a direct or indirect impact on alcohol or other drug prevention, intervention, and treatment. The outcome of this legislative policy work includes:

· Defeat of bills that would have increased access to alcohol by underage youth

o HB 567 (which would have reduced the legal drinking age from 21 to 18)

o HB 334 (which would have increased from 1:00 AM to 2:00 AM the hours for on premises sale of alcoholic beverages)

o SB 233 (which would have more than doubled the permissible alcohol content of “flavored malt beverages” such as hard lemonade and flavored teas sold in grocery and convenience stores)

· Creation of opportunities to further study important issues related to alcohol and other drugs

o HB 323 (study committee to examine liquor commission revenues, enforcement and server training)

o HB 373 (further House committee review of the regulation of unlawful possession of alcohol by a minor)

o HB 432 (further House committee review of age requirements for admission to cocktail lounges)

o HB 543 (study committee to examine the licensure process for licensed addiction counselors)

o SB 233 (study committee to examine the sale of flavored malt beverages)

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RESOURCES

a. Help Track NH Cigarette Prices

The cigarette tax in is going up by another 28 cents per pack – to a rate still below that of neighboring states. The American Cancer Society is interested in tracking the impact on the price per pack. If you are interested in helping, please contact Krysten Evans at 471-4112 or Krysten.Evans@cancer.org

b. Combating underage drinking with the 6Gs

An article in the June 27 edition of Contemporary Pediatrics proposes a new and time-saving approach to guide pediatricians as they formulate office-based strategies aimed at the prevention and assessment of alcohol use, and education of patients and families about its dangers. Read it on-line and share it with your pediatrician friends: www.contemporarypediatrics.com/contpeds/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=436757

c. Coalition TA Request Now On-Line

National Coalition Institute and CADCA have launched an online Technical Assistance Request System that anyone can access in order to seek technical assistance related to coalition issues. Coalitions are invited to use the system for requests related to coalition development, capacity, planning, implementation, evaluation and sustainability. You can access the system at the following web address: www.coalitioninstitute.org/Technical_Assistance/TechnicalAssistanceHome.asp.

d. Recovery Month PSAs Now Available

The Road to Recovery 2007 Public Service Announcements are now available. To request these radio or television PSAs, email recoverymonth@iqsolutions or call (240) 221-4062. Indicated medium, length, language and whether you want it open-ended or tagged by SAMHSA. Local Public Access channels may be able to play these, so don’t be shy.

e. Join SAMHSA’s e-Network

5 minutes is all it takes to join SAMHSA’s eNetwork - your personal link to SAMHSA for the latest news about grants, publications, campaigns, programs, and statistics and data reports. For more information, and to sign up, visit: http://www.samhsa.gov/enetwork/

f. Health Education Center Web Site Offers FAQs on Minimum Legal Drinking Age

Ten frequently asked questions about the minimum legal drinking age inform and support efforts to provide research-based, effective alcohol and other drug abuse prevention programs. They also help campus and community prevention professionals create informed responses to questions regarding the effectiveness of the MLDA. www.higheredcenter.org/ta/faq/age21.html

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IN THE NEWS

a. Fewer Employers Offer Full Coverage for Substance Abuse Treatment

Employer-sponsored health plans in 2006 provided limited coverage for substance-abuse treatment and did not provide the same level of benefits for substance abuse as those given for medical and surgical benefits, according to a new study published in the Journal of Health Affairs. For more information, visit: http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=45449

b. U.S. survey tracks sex behavior, illegal drug use

Twenty-six percent of U.S. men and 17 percent of women have tried illicit drugs other than marijuana, according to a new survey that uses computers to avoid sometimes dishonest answers given in face-to-face interviews. For more information, visit: http://www.cnn.com/2007/HEALTH/06/22/sex.drug.report.ap/index.html

c. Access to alcohol among middle school children: there is no place like home

New research suggests that if parents want to keep alcohol away from their middle school children, the best place to start is at home. The study, reported in the June issue of Preventive Medicine, shows that of 11-14 year olds who choose to drink, only a small fraction obtain alcohol from commercial venues. More than one-third of the alcohol consumed by these children came from their own or a friend's parents or guardians. For more information, visit: http://www.reedelsevier.com/index.cfm?articleid=2083

d. Young Men Most Likely to Buy Alcohol on Request from Minors

A recent study found that 8% of people asked outside a liquor or convenience store agreed to buy beer for people who looked underage. But 19% of men who appeared to be under 30 were willing to buy. This may indicate a population in need of more education about laws regarding providing alcohol to minors. Read the research at: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00420.x

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UPCOMING EVENTS

See all this and more at: www.new-futures.org/calendar

a. Involving Youth in Your Substance Abuse Prevention Program

July 16 - July 20 On-Line

Offers the information and tools practitioners need to involve youth in all aspects of their prevention programs. It describes the many benefits associated with youth involvement in prevention programming and strategies for recruiting young people and creating meaningful activities that will keep youth engaged, over time. Learn more and register at: www.northeastcapt.org/registration

b. Prevention Ethics for the New Millennium

July 18, 2007 at the Manchester Health Department

Through interactive discussion and exercised, participants will gain an increased understanding of the Code of Conduct for Prevention Professionals, and how to use the code through a decision-making model that addresses dilemmas as they arise. Call 622-6116 or email deborah@makinithappen.org for a registration form before July 13.

c. The ABC’s of Effective Advocacy

July 26, 2007 1:00 – 2:00 PM by Satellite & Webcast

Learn the “ABC’s of Effective Advocacy;” Find out how to get your substance abuse prevention issues on the radar screens of key policymakers; Gain the true definitions for advocacy, education and lobbying; Find your “inner advocate” and prepare to become a trusted source of information for key decision-makers. For details on how to participate, go to: www.dlnets.com/cadca_26Jul07.htm

d. The 9th Annual National Leadership Conference: Empowering Leadership to Enhance What Works

August 2-4 at the Rosen Centre Hotel in Orlando, FL

Reservation information and the call for presentations are now available. Go to go to www.udetc.org for the most current developments and information.

e. New England School of Best Practices in Addiction Treatment

August 20-23, Waterville Valley

The New England Institute of Addiction Studies is pleased to announce the fifteenth annual clinical and administrative skills program for people working in the treatment system. www.neias.org/BP/SATBPCATcover07xSTD.html

f. Addiction: The New England Drug Court Perspective – When Communities Respond, People Recover

September 20-21 at UMASS Boston

The New England Association of Drug Courts’ Annual Meeting will feature HBO Addiction Series' Executive Producers John Hoffman and Susan Froemke, as well as featured experts Dr. Kathleen Brady, Dr. Douglas Marlowe, and many other field professionals, as they discuss the latest advancements in addiction treatment and research. For more information, please contact Kerin Raymond at (978) 772-1846 or kraymon@advocatesinc.org


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The OPRD1 and OPRK1 loci in alcohol or drug dependence: OPRD1variation modulates substance dependence risk
Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication 10 July 2007;





Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning OPRD1 were examined in 1063 European Americans (EAs) (620 cases with substance dependence (SD), including 557 with alcohol dependence (AD), 225 with cocaine dependence (CD) and 111 with opioid dependence (OD), and 443 controls).

Nominally significant associations (P<0.05) of five SNPs with SD were observed; only the association of the non-synonymous variant G80T with OD remained significant after correction for multiple testing using SNPSpD.

Haplotype analyses with six tag SNPs indicated that a specific haplotype GCAACT, which harbors G80T G-allele and C921T C-allele, was significantly associated with AD , CD and OD .

Logistic regression analyses, with sex and age being considered, demonstrated that this haplotype had a risk effect on AD and especially on OD . Moreover, seven SNPs covering OPRK1 were examined in the majority of the above subjects

Although no significant differences in allele, genotype or haplotype frequency distributions were seen between cases and controls, a specific OPRK1 haplotype, GGCTTCT, was significantly associated with AD. Logistic regression analyses also revealed its risk effect on AD . Population stratification artifact was not observed in the sample.

Taken together, our findings supported a positive association between OPRD1 variants and SD, and a positive haplotypic association between OPRK1 and AD in EAs.

Read Full Abstract

Reprint Request E-Mail: joel.gelernter@yale.edu
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Direct and Indirect Costs Attributable to Alcohol Consumption in Germany.
Pharmacoeconomics. 25(7):605-618, 2007.





To estimate the direct and indirect costs of morbidity and mortality attributable to alcohol consumption in Germany from a societal perspective in 2002.

Alcohol consumption accounted for 5.5% of all deaths and 970 000 years of potential life lost. Total costs were [Euro sign]24 398 million, amounting to 1.16% of Germany's GDP, or [Euro sign]296 per person. Direct medical and non-medical costs were [Euro sign]8441 million. Indirect costs were [Euro sign]15 957 million (69% mortality and 31% morbidity costs).

In contrast, protective health effects of alcohol consumption saved [Euro sign]4839 million.

The magnitude of alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality and associated costs demands more preventive efforts.

Read Full Abstract

Request Reprint E-Mail: alexander.konnopka@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
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Monday, July 9, 2007

School-based interventions on alcohol: consultation on the draft guidance

Consultation on the draft guidance relating to interventions delivered in primary and secondary schools to prevent and/or reduce alcohol use by young people under 18 years old Registered stakeholders are invited to comment on the draft guidance document which entails the draft recommendations. This consultation will take place between Monday 9 July and Monday 6 August 2007.

Please provide all responses to this draft guidance using the Stakeholder Comments Form (ensuring all relevant fields are completed, including your organisation’s name) and forwarding this by 5pm on Monday 6th August 2007 at the very latest to the following email address:

alcoholandschools@nice.org.uk

News Release
Drug to curb smoking also cuts alcohol dependence


09 July 2007


A drug already approved for nicotine addiction also curbs alcohol dependence, a new animal study shows. One dose alone cut drinking in half. The finding is particularly encouraging, the researchers say, because the animals did not turn to drinking in excess after the drug was stopped, a common pattern when people take current drugs to curb alcohol consumption.
. . . . .

Read Full Release

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Toward understanding the genetics of alcohol drinking through transcriptome meta-analysis
PNAS | April 18, 2006 | vol. 103 | no. 16 |






Much evidence from studies in humans and animals supports the hypothesis that alcohol addiction is a complex disease with both hereditary and environmental influences. Molecular determinants of excessive alcohol consumption are difficult to study in humans.


However, several rodent models show a high or low degree of alcohol preference, which provides a unique opportunity to approach the molecular complexities underlying the genetic predisposition to drink alcohol.


Microarray analyses of brain gene expression in three selected lines, and six isogenic strains of mice known to differ markedly in voluntary alcohol consumption provided >4.5 million data points for a meta-analysis. A total of 107 arrays were obtained and arranged into six experimental data sets, allowing the identification of 3,800 unique genes significantly and consistently changed between all models of high or low amounts of alcohol consumption.


Several functional groups, including mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and transcription regulation pathways, were found to be significantly overrepresented and may play an important role in establishing a high level of voluntary alcohol drinking in these mouse models.


Data from the general meta-analysis was further filtered by a congenic strain microarray set, from which cis-regulated candidate genes for an alcohol preference quantitative trait locus on chromosome 9 were identified: Arhgef12, Carm1, Cryab, Cox5a, Dlat, Fxyd6, Limd1, Nicn1, Nmnat3, Pknox2, Rbp1, Sc5d, Scn4b, Tcf12, Vps11, and Zfp291 and four ESTs.


The present study demonstrates the use of (i) a microarray meta-analysis to analyze a behavioral phenotype (in this case, alcohol preference) and (ii) a congenic strain for identification of cis regulation.

Read Full Text (PDF)

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Sunday - Wednesday, January 27 - 30, 2008
The Bahia Resort Hotel, Mission Bay, San Diego, California

Call for presentation proposals

Deadline: Monday, August 20, 2007

The California Council on Alcohol Policy (Cal Council), a statewide non-profit uses education, community organizing and public policy to reduce the problems associated with alcohol that impact our communities. We are pleased to sponsor the January 2008 conference, Engaging States and Local Communities in Prevention Policies. This conference is the 14th in a series of national and regional meetings that address research, policy, and prevention issues related to alcohol. We welcome an anticipated attendance of up to 300 participants including community-based practitioners, public officials, and researchers from across the North America and beyond.

Partially funded by a grant from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Contributor: Tom Colthurst

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Mismatch negativity impairment associated with alcohol consumption in chronic alcoholics: A scalp current density study
International Journal of Psychophysiology
Volume 65, Issue 1, July 2007, Pages 51-57


Previous studies, based on amplitude and latency measurements of auditory event-related brain potentials, yielded inconclusive results about the status of mismatch negativity (MMN) in chronic alcoholics.

The present study explores scalp current density (SCD) dynamics during MMN latency range in alcoholics, and correlates electrical SCD results with clinical data of the patients.

Reduced activity was observed in left frontal and right anterior and posterior temporal areas during MMN in alcoholics. Alcohol consumption correlated negatively with SCD intensity in these regions. Delayed activation was observed in the left posterior temporal area in the patients. Alcohol abstinence duration correlated positively with SCD intensity in this region.

These results point to an impairment of automatic brain processing mechanisms associated with auditory change detection in chronic alcoholism.

The present results suggest a reorganization of the computational neurodynamics of automatic auditory change detection linked to the amount of alcohol consumed in abstinent chronic alcoholics

Read Full Abstract

Reprint Request E-Mail: carlesgrau@ub.edu
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An extension of the weighted dissimilarity test to association study in families



Association studies for complex diseases based on pedigree haplotype or genotype data have received increasing attention in the last few years. The similarity tests are appealing for these studies because they take into account of the DNA structure, but they have blind areas on which significant association can not be detected.

Recently, we developed a dissimilarity method for this problem based on independent haplotype data, which eliminates the blind areas of the existing methods. As DNA collected on families are common in practice, and the data are either of the form of genotype or haplotype.

Here we extend our method for association study to data on families. It can be used to evaluate different designs in terms of power. Simulation studies confirmed that the extended method improves the type I error rate and power.

Applying this method to the Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 alcoholism data, we find that markers rs716581, rs1017418, rs1332184 and rs1943418 on chromosomes 1, 2, 9 and 18 yield strong signal (with P value 0.001 or lower) for association with alcoholism.

Our work can serve as a guide in the design of association studies in families.

Read Full Abstract

Reprint Request E-Mail: ayuan@howard.edu
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Prince uses speech to talk about his alcohol problem



Sunday, July 8, 2007

SENDAI (Kyodo) Prince Tomohito of Mikasa, a cousin of Emperor Akihito, broke with Imperial tradition by speaking about his struggle with alcoholism in a speech Saturday.

"I am Prince Tomohito, dependent on alcohol," the 61-year-old prince said to begin his speech entitled "The Welfare of Our Country" at a meeting in Sendai on welfare services.
. . . . .

Read Full Article

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Government can learn from UK Conservatives on Solutions to Irelands Alcohol Problem says Leading Youth Organisation

Press release
Youth Work Ireland
July 8, 2007

Government can learn from UK Conservatives on Solutions to Irelands Alcohol Problem says Leading Youth Organisation

Calls by the UK Conservative Party for extra taxation on alcohol have been welcomed by Youth Work Ireland, the group says the Irish Government should learn from these developments. The British Conservatives have called for a substantial increase in taxes on alcohol in the U.K. citing this measure as proven to be successful in addressing binge drinking.

"The Government’s Strategic Task Force on Alcohol has previously called for such taxes in Ireland but the Government has largely ignored these. Increases in taxes on alcohol when applied have been shown to work particularly on products targeted at young people. This is an evidenced based approach which we cannot afford to ignore" said Michael Mc Loughlin of Youth Work Ireland
. . . . .

Read Full Release
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Sweden to introduce booze warning labels

Published: 9th July 2007

The Swedish Brewers Association has decided to place warning labels on all cans and bottles of beer, cider and other drinks with an alcohol volume of over 2.25 percent.

A majority of member companies have already indicated that they intend putting the decision into practice.

The messages to be displayed on the labels are: 'Under 18? Avoid alcohol', 'Pregnant? Avoid alcohol', 'Driving? Avoid alcohol', and 'At work? Avoid alcohol'.
. . . . .

Read Full Article
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Drilling Down
Ads Against Drinking Speak Only Faintly

Published: July 9, 2007

The amount of money spent by alcohol companies on television advertising grew by nearly a third from 2001 to 2005, rising from $780 million to more than $1 billion, according to a report just released by Georgetown University’s Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth. But at the same time, liquor companies shaved about $2 million from their yearly spending on public service ads.

In particular, ads that discourage underage drinking were sharply curtailed. In 2001, such ads were about 1/58 as watched as ads for alcohol, as measured in gross ratings points, a unit that combines how many people an ad reaches and how frequently each person sees it. By 2005, ads for alcohol were 338 times as watched as underage drinking service announcements.

. . . . .

Read Full Article

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Current Issue: July-August 2007
National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institute on Drug Abuse Boston Medical Center
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Sunday, July 8, 2007

Tories focus on 'broken society'


As the Conservatives prepare to publish a major report on social inclusion, David Cameron has called for a new focus on tackling Britain's "broken society".

The Tory leader warned that there is something "deeply wrong" with British society.

His comments come ahead of the publication this week of a report from former leader Iain Duncan Smith's social justice policy group.
. . . . .

Duncan Smith is set to publish his group's 'Breakthrough Britain' report on Tuesday, with a wide range of recommendations.

These are expected to include an extra alcohol tax in order to fund treatment programmes, . . . . .

Read Full Article

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