Aims

To support the free and open dissemination of research findings and information on alcoholism and alcohol-related problems. To encourage open access to peer-reviewed articles free for all to view.

For full versions of posted research articles readers are encouraged to email requests for "electronic reprints" (text file, PDF files, FAX copies) to the corresponding or lead author, who is highlighted in the posting.

___________________________________________

Monday, March 19, 2007

Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) Highlights - 2005

Table of Contents

PDF format for printing this report

Title Page and Acknowledgments

Highlights

Tables

1. Admissions by primary substance of abuse: TEDS 1995-2005.

2. Admissions by primary substance of abuse, according to sex, race/ethnicity, and age at admission: TEDS 2005.

3. Admissions by primary substance of abuse, according to frequency of use, route of administration, age at first use, and number of prior treatment episodes: TEDS 2005. (Percent distribution)

4. Admissions by primary substance of abuse, according to type of service, source of referral to treatment, and opioid replacement therapy: TEDS 2005. (Percent distribution)

5. Admissions by primary substance of abuse, according to employment status (aged 16 and over) and education (aged 18 and over): TEDS 2005. (Percent distribution)

6. Admissions by State or jurisdiction, according to primary substance of abuse: TEDS 2005.

Appendix: TEDS Minimum Data Set

Highlights

This report presents summary results from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for 2005. The report provides information on the demographic and substance abuse characteristics of the 1.8 million annual admissions to treatment for abuse of alcohol and drugs in facilities that report to individual State administrative data systems [Table 1a].

This summary report is issued in advance of the full TEDS report for 1995-2005. It includes demographic data and all items from the TEDS Minimum Data Set. The full report also will include data from the Supplemental Data Set, State data, and State rates.

TEDS is an admission-based system, and TEDS admissions do not represent individuals. Thus, for example, an individual admitted to treatment twice within a calendar year would be counted as two admissions.

TEDS does not include all admissions to substance abuse treatment. It includes admissions to facilities that are licensed or certified by the State substance abuse agency to provide substance abuse treatment (or are administratively tracked by the agency for other reasons). In general, facilities reporting TEDS data are those that receive State alcohol and/or drug agency funds (including Federal Block Grant funds) for the provision of alcohol and/or drug treatment services.

Major Substances of Abuse

  • Five substances accounted for 95 percent of all TEDS admissions in 2005: alcohol (39 percent), opiates (17 percent; primarily heroin), marijuana/hashish (16 percent), cocaine (14 percent), and stimulants (9 percent; primarily methamphetamine) [Table 1b].

Alcohol

  • Alcohol as a primary substance accounted for 39 percent of TEDS admissions in 2005, down from 51 percent in 1995. Forty-five percent of primary alcohol admissions reported secondary drug abuse as well [Tables 1a and 1b].
  • About three-quarters of admissions for abuse of alcohol alone and for abuse of alcohol with secondary drug abuse were male (75 percent and 74 percent, respectively) [Table 2a].
  • More than two-thirds (69 percent) of alcohol-only admissions were non-Hispanic White, followed by persons of Hispanic origin (13 percent) and non-Hispanic Blacks (12 percent). Among admissions for alcohol with secondary drug abuse, 60 percent were non-Hispanic White, followed by 25 percent who were non-Hispanic Black and 11 percent who were of Hispanic origin [Table 2a].
  • For alcohol-only admissions, the average age at admission was 40 years, compared with 35 years among admissions for primary alcohol with secondary drug abuse [Table 2a].

Heroin

  • Heroin as a primary substance accounted for 14 percent of all TEDS admissions in 2005. After six consecutive years in which the proportion of heroin admissions exceeded that of cocaine admissions, the proportion of heroin admissions fell below that of cocaine admissions (by one-tenth of 1 percent). [Table 1b].
  • About two-thirds (68 percent ) of primary heroin admissions were male [Table 2a].
  • Half (50 percent) of primary heroin admissions were non-Hispanic White, followed by 24 percent who were of Hispanic origin and 23 percent who were non-Hispanic Black [Table 2a].
  • For primary heroin admissions, the average age at admission was 36 years [Table 2a].
  • Sixty-three percent of primary heroin admissions reported injection as the route of administration, 33 percent reported inhalation, and 2 percent reported smoking [Table 3].

Other Opiates

  • TEDS admissions for primary abuse of opiates other than heroin increased from 1 percent of all admissions in 1995 to 4 percent in 2005 [Table 1b].
  • Just over half (54 percent) of primary non-heroin opiate admissions were male [Table 2a].
  • Most primary non-heroin opiate admissions (89 percent) were non-Hispanic White [Table 2a].
  • For primary non-heroin opiate admissions, the average age at admission was 33 years [Table 2a].
  • Almost three-quarters (72 percent) of primary non-heroin opiate admissions reported oral as the route of administration, 13 percent reported inhalation, and 12 percent reported injection [Table 3].

Cocaine/Crack

  • The proportion of admissions for primary cocaine abuse declined from 17 percent in 1995 to 14 percent in 2005 [Table 1b].
  • Smoked cocaine (crack) represented 72 percent of all primary cocaine admissions in 2005 [Tables 1a and 1b].
  • Fifty-eight percent of primary smoked cocaine admissions were male, compared with 65 percent of non-smoked cocaine admissions [Table 2a].
  • Among primary smoked cocaine admissions, 52 percent were non-Hispanic Black, 38 percent were non-Hispanic White, and 7 percent were of Hispanic origin. Non-Hispanic Whites predominated (52 percent) among primary non-smoked cocaine admissions, followed by non-Hispanic Blacks (28 percent) and persons of Hispanic origin (17 percent) [Table 2a].
  • For primary smoked cocaine admissions, the average age at admission was 38 years, compared with 34 years for non-smoked cocaine admissions [Table 2a].
  • Among primary non-smoked cocaine admissions, 81 percent reported inhalation as the route of administration, 11 percent reported injection, and 5 percent reported oral [Table 3].

Marijuana/Hashish

  • The proportion of admissions for primary marijuana abuse increased from 10 percent in 1995 to 16 percent in 2005 [Table 1b].
  • Three-quarters (73 percent) of primary marijuana admissions were male [Table 2a].
  • Over half (52 percent) of primary marijuana admissions were non-Hispanic White, followed by 29 percent who were non-Hispanic Black and 13 percent who were of Hispanic origin [Table 2a].
  • For primary marijuana admissions, the average age at admission was 24 years [Table 2a].

Methamphetamine/Amphetamine and Other Stimulants

  • The proportion of admissions for abuse of methamphetamine/amphetamine and other stimulants increased from 4 percent to 9 percent between 1995 and 2005 [Table 1b].
  • Fifty-four percent of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions were male [Table 2a].
  • Almost three-quarters (71 percent) of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions were non-Hispanic White, followed by 18 percent who were of Hispanic origin and 3 percent each who were Asian/Pacific Islander and non-Hispanic Black [Table 2a].
  • For primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions, the average age at admission was 31 years [Table 2a].
  • Sixty-three percent of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions reported smoking as the route of administration, 19 percent reported injection, and 12 percent reported inhalation [Table 3].

Race/Ethnicity

Among all racial/ethnic groups except Hispanics of Puerto Rican origin, primary alcohol use (alone or in combination with other drugs) was the most frequently reported substance at treatment admission. However, the proportion reporting use of the next four most common substances (opiates, marijuana, cocaine, and stimulants) varied considerably by racial/ethnic group.

  • Among non-Hispanic Whites, alcohol (43 percent) was followed by opiates (17 percent), marijuana (14 percent), stimulants (11 percent), and cocaine (10 percent) [Table 2b].
  • Among non-Hispanic Blacks, alcohol (32 percent) was followed by cocaine (28 percent), marijuana (21 percent), and opiates (15 percent). Only 1 percent reported stimulants as a primary substance [Table 2b].
  • Among persons of Mexican origin, alcohol (38 percent) was followed by stimulants (22 percent), marijuana (17 percent), opiates (13 percent), and cocaine (9 percent) [Table 2b].
  • Among persons of Puerto Rican origin, opiates (47 percent) were the most frequently reported substance at admission, followed by alcohol (26 percent), marijuana (12 percent), and cocaine (11 percent). Only one percent reported stimulants as a primary substance [Table 2b].
  • Among persons of Cuban origin, alcohol (34 percent) was followed by opiates (26 percent), cocaine (19 percent), marijuana (12 percent), and stimulants (4 percent) [Table 2b].
  • Among American Indians, alcohol (59 percent) was followed by marijuana (13 percent), stimulants (10 percent), opiates (6 percent), and cocaine (5 percent) [Table 2b].
  • Among Asians/Pacific Islanders, alcohol (33 percent) was followed by stimulants (29 percent), marijuana (19 percent), opiates (10 percent), and cocaine (7 percent) [Table 2b].

Type of Service

  • Sixty-two percent of TEDS admissions in 2005 entered ambulatory treatment, 21 percent entered detoxification, and 17 percent entered residential/rehabilitation treatment [Table 4].
  • Admissions for primary marijuana abuse had the largest proportion of admissions to ambulatory treatment (84 percent), followed by hallucinogens (75 percent) and PCP (70 percent) [Table 4].
  • Primary heroin admissions, tranquilizer admissions, and admissions for abuse of alcohol alone had the largest proportions of admissions to detoxification (34 percent, 32 percent, and 31 percent, respectively) [Table 4].
  • Admissions for primary smoked cocaine had the largest proportion of admissions to residential/rehabilitation treatment (29 percent), followed by admissions for methamphetamine/amphetamine (26 percent), non-smoked cocaine (25 percent), and PCP (24 percent) [Table 4].

Opioid Treatment

  • Overall, opioid replacement therapy (medication-assisted therapy with methadone or buprenorphine) was planned for 6 percent of TEDS admissions in 2005. Opioid replacement therapy was planned for 30 percent of primary heroin admissions and for 20 percent of admissions for opiates other than heroin [Table 4].

Source of Referral to Treatment

  • In 2005, more than one-third (36 percent) of TEDS admissions were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system. Primary PCP admissions had the largest proportion of admissions referred through the criminal justice system (60 percent), followed by marijuana (57 percent), methamphetamine/amphetamine (49 percent), and abuse of alcohol only (42 percent) [Table 4].
  • More than one-third (34 percent) of TEDS admissions in 2005 represented self- or individual referrals. Primary heroin admissions had the largest proportion of self- or individual referrals (59 percent), followed by admissions for opiates other than heroin (52 percent) [Table 4].

Employment Status

  • In 2005, 29 percent of TEDS admissions aged 16 and over were employed. The proportion employed was highest (42 percent) among admissions for abuse of alcohol only and lowest (16 percent) among admissions for smoked cocaine [Table 5].
  • In 2005, 29 percent of TEDS admissions aged 16 and over were employed. The proportion employed was highest (42 percent) among admissions for abuse of alcohol only and lowest (16 percent) among admissions for smoked cocaine [Table 5].
  • In 2005, 40 percent of TEDS admissions aged and 16 and over were not in the labor force (i.e., they were disabled, students, inmates of institutions, homemakers, retired, or not looking for work during the past 30 days). The proportion not in the labor force was highest (50 percent) among admissions for heroin and lowest (30 percent) among admissions for abuse of alcohol only [Table 5].

Educational Level

  • In 2005, 7 percent of TEDS admissions aged 18 and over had fewer than 9 years of education. The proportion varied little with primary substance, and ranged from 5 percent to 8 percent [Table 5]. [Table 5].
  • In 2005, 27 percent of TEDS admissions aged 18 and over had from 9 to 11 years of education. The proportion was lowest (18 percent) among admissions for abuse of alcohol only and highest (41 percent) among admissions for PCP [Table 5].
  • In 2005, 44 percent of TEDS admissions aged 18 and over had 12 years of education or a GED. The proportion was lowest (37 percent) among admissions for inhalants and highest (48 percent) among admissions for hallucinogens [Table 5].
  • In 2005, 22 percent of TEDS admissions aged 18 and over had more than 12 years of education. The proportion was lowest (10 percent) among admissions for PCP and highest (32 percent) among admissions for sedatives [Table 5].

Go To Tables

Go To Appendix

at