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Sunday, July 31, 2011

An Evolutionary Conserved Role for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in Behavioral Responses to Ethanol


Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk) is a gene expressed in the nervous system that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase commonly known for its oncogenic function in various human cancers.

We have determined that Alk is associated with
altered behavioral responses to ethanol in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, in mice, and in humans. Mutant flies containing transposon insertions in dAlk demonstrate increased resistance to the sedating effect of ethanol.

Database
analyses revealed that Alk expression levels in the brains of recombinant inbred mice are negatively correlated with ethanol induced ataxia and ethanol consumption.

We therefore tested Alk gene knockout mice and found that they sedate longer in
response to high doses of ethanol and consume more ethanol than wild-type mice.

Finally, sequencing of human ALK led to
the discovery of four polymorphisms associated with a low level of response to ethanol, an intermediate phenotype that is predictive of future alcohol use disorders (AUDs).

These results suggest that Alk plays an evolutionary conserved role in
ethanol-related behaviors. Moreover, ALK may be a novel candidate gene conferring risk for AUDs as well as a potential target for pharmacological intervention.




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