Alcohol hangover is a temporary state described as the unpleasant next-day effects after binge-like drinking. Hangover begins when ethanol is absent in plasma and is characterized by physical and psychological symptoms. Affective behavior is impaired during the acute phase of alcohol intoxication; however, no reports indicate if similar effects are observed during withdrawal.
The aim of this work was to study the time-extension and possible fluctuations in affective behavior during a hangover episode. Male Swiss mice were injected i.p. either with saline (control group) or with ethanol (3.8 g/kg BW) (hangover group). Anxiety, fear-related behavior and despair phenotype were evaluated at a basal point (ZT0) and every 2 h up to 20 h after blood alcohol levels were close to zero (hangover onset). Also, anhedonia signs and pain perception disabilities were studied.
Mice exhibited an increase in anxiety-like behavior during 4 h and 14 h after hangover onset when evaluated by the elevated-plus maze and open field test respectively (p < 0.05). Fear-related behavior was detected in hangover animals by the increase of freezing and decrease of line crossings and rearing frequency during 16 h after hangover onset (p < 0.001).
Depression signs were found in hangover mice during 14 h (p < 0.05). Hangover mice showed a significant decrease in pain perception when tested by tail immersion test at the beginning of hangover (p < 0.05).
Our findings demonstrate a time-extension between 14 and 16 h for hangover affective impairments. This study shows the long lasting effects of hangover over the phase of ethanol intoxication.
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