Contents
Abbreviations 9
Introduction 10
1. Revision of guidelines 12
2. Work of international bodies concerned with controlled substances 13
3. Critical review of psychoactive substances 14
3.1 Substance recommended for change in scheduling
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) 14
3.2 Other substance critically reviewed
Ketamine (INN) 16
4. Pre-review of psychoactive substances 17
4.1 Dextromethorphan (pINN) 18
4.2 Tapentadol (INN) 19
4.3 Piperazines 19
4.3.1 N-Benzylpiperazine (BZP) 19
4.3.2 1-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) 20
4.3.3 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) 20
4.3.4 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP) 21
4.3.5 1-(3,4-Methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine (MDBP) 21
4.4 γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) 22
4.5 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) 22
5. Issues identified for consideration at future ECDD meetings 23
6. Other matters 24
6.1 Use of terms 24
6.2 Use of pharmacovigilance data for the assessment of abuse and dependence potential 25
6.3 Balancing medical availability and prevention of abuse of medicines manufactured from controlled substances 25
6.4 Improving the process for substance evaluation 27
Acknowledgements 27
References 27
pg. 23 "There was a brief discussion as to whether ethanol (ethyl alcohol) should be considered for pre-review. The Secretariat informed the Expert Committee that WHO Secretariat and Member States are in the process of implementing the WHO Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol, which was adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 2010 (Resolution WHA63.13) (23). Noting this, the Expert Committee referred the matter for consideration at a future Expert Committee meeting."
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